The ORDER BY position number 3 is out of range of the number of items in the select list. When the specified column index exceeds the number of actual columns in the result set, the database returns an error, such as: ![]() The column in an ORDER BY clause can be specified by its index, so you don't need to know the names of any columns. This series of payloads modifies the original query to order the results by different columns in the result set. For example, assuming the injection point is a quoted string within the WHERE clause of the original query, you would submit: The first method involves injecting a series of ORDER BY clauses and incrementing the specified column index until an error occurs. When performing a SQL injection UNION attack, there are two effective methods to determine how many columns are being returned from the original query. Which columns returned from the original query are of a suitable data type to hold the results from the injected query?ĭetermining the number of columns required in a SQL injection UNION attack How many columns are being returned from the original query? To carry out a SQL injection UNION attack, you need to ensure that your attack meets these two requirements. The data types in each column must be compatible between the individual queries. The individual queries must return the same number of columns. This SQL query will return a single result set with two columns, containing values from columns a and b in table1 and columns c and d in table2.įor a UNION query to work, two key requirements must be met: SELECT a, b FROM table1 UNION SELECT c, d FROM table2 The UNION keyword lets you execute one or more additional SELECT queries and append the results to the original query. This results in a SQL injection UNION attack. When an application is vulnerable to SQL injection and the results of the query are returned within the application's responses, the UNION keyword can be used to retrieve data from other tables within the database. Extracting data via verbose error messages.Inferring information using conditional errors.Retrieving multiple values in a single column.Finding columns with a useful data type.Detecting SQL injection vulnerabilities.
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